PyGame : Positional axes - part 005.

The goal of this tutorial is to use python classes, inheritance, and draw positional axes for rectangles. I used two simple python scripts to solve these issues. This python script named testing_axes.py I create two classes named Point_XY and Columns_XY:

import random
#
class Point_XY:
    def __init__(self):
        self.x = random.randrange(400)
        self.y = random.randrange(400)
        self.dx = random.randrange(50)+10
        self.dy = random.randrange(50)+10

    def __repr__(self):
        return "" % (self.x, self.y)

    def __str__(self):
        return "From str method of Point_XY: a is %s, b is %s" % (self.x, self.y)
#   
class Columns_XY(Point_XY):
    def __init__(self):
        column = []
        p = Point_XY()
        self.column = (p.x, p.y, p.dx, p.dy)
        print(column)
        
    def __repr__(self,p):
        return "" % (self.column)
    
    def __str__(self):
        return "From str method of Columns_XY :%s>" % (self.column)
'''    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    Columns_XY()
    pass
'''

With this script named pygame_testing_axes.py I draw columns and axes:

import sys
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from testing_axes import *

# define a square for each column
squares = []
# create column position x,y and rect size dx, dy
def create_columns_rect(n):
    for i in range(n):
        col = Columns_XY()
        #print(col.column)
        squares.append(col.column)
    #print(squares)
    return squares
def main():
    # init PyGame
    pygame.init()
    # set size of screen
    size_screen = (640,480)
    # create display
    screen_display = pygame.display.set_mode(size_screen,0,32)
    # set color white
    color_white = (255,255,255)
    # set color blue
    color_blue = (0,0,255)
    # fill screen with a white color
    screen_display.fill(color_white)
    # set the numar of columns 
    nr_col = 5
    # create columns from classes
    cols = create_columns_rect(nr_col)
    # use each column
    for (px,py,dx,dy) in cols:
        # print positions and size of rectangle
        print (px,py,dx,dy)
        # draw column rectangle to display with color and position and size
        # screen_display , color_blue , px,py,dx,dy
        pygame.draw.rect(screen_display,color_blue,(px,py,dx,dy))
        # create a color for axes
        color_col = (random.randrange(255),random.randrange(255),random.randrange(255))
        # draw axes for x and y with the color
        pygame.draw.line(screen_display, color_col, ( px , 0) , ( px , py + dy) )
        pygame.draw.line(screen_display, color_col, ( 0 , py) , ( px +  dx , py) )
    # is workings get events 
    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type==QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
        pygame.display.update()
# run main 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
    pass

This is result of the running python script pygame_testing_axes.py:

PyGame : Effects - part 004.

This is an simple example about how can be use palette colors.

This effect was used in the old game development.

The base of this python script is the Surface.

If you read the documentation then you can see this:

pygame object for representing images
Surface((width, height), flags=0, depth=0, masks=None) -> Surface
Surface((width, height), flags=0, Surface) -> Surface

In this example I used a new_color to change one color.

Let's see the example:

#!/usr/bin/python
import sys 
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *

pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_caption('swap color pallete')
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640,480),0,32)

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

test_image = pygame.image.load('test.png').convert()
image_back = test_image.copy()
def palette_swap(img_surface, old_color, new_color):
    
    img_copy = pygame.Surface(test_image.get_size())
    img_copy.fill(new_color)
    img_surface.set_colorkey(old_color)
    img_copy.blit(img_surface,(0,0))
    return img_copy

test_image = palette_swap(test_image, (210,0,1), (0,0,255)) 
test_image = palette_swap(test_image, (154, 209, 59), (205, 124, 97))   
test_image.set_colorkey((0,0,0))

while True:
    screen.fill((0,0,0))
    screen.blit(pygame.transform.scale(test_image,(test_image.get_width()*2, 
                                                   test_image.get_height() * 2)), (0,0))
    screen.blit(pygame.transform.scale(image_back,(image_back.get_width()*2, 
                                                   image_back.get_height() * 2)), (256,0))
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            sys.exit()
        if event.type == KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == K_ESCAPE:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
    pygame.display.update()
    clock.tick(60)
    # print the fps , time amd tick for this pygame test 
    #print(clock.get_fps(), clock.get_time(),clock.tick())

The test.png is a simple png file image with the size of 128 x 128 pixels.

This is the output of this simple example:

PyGame : Game pygame-medic-snake.

I made this game because I had a broken tooth and now I haven't found a dentist for the holidays.
Until I get the pain or I get to the dentist I started writing this game.
The game is simple to use and comes today with version 0.0.1.
See the full source code at my GitHub account.

PyGame : How to use Box2D python package - part 001.

About this python package the official GitHub comes with this intro:
pybox2d is a 2D physics library for your games and simple simulations. It's based on the Box2D library, written in C++. It supports several shape types (circle, polygon, thin line segments), and quite a few joint types (revolute, prismatic, wheel, etc.).
In the first step, you need to install the swig Fedora package.
About swig the official webpage tells us:
SWIG is an interface compiler that connects programs written in C and C++ with scripting languages such as Perl, Python, Ruby, and Tcl. It works by taking the declarations found in C/C++ header files and using them to generate the wrapper code that scripting languages need to access the underlying C/C++ code. In addition, SWIG provides a variety of customization features that let you tailor the wrapping process to suit your application.
I install it with DNF tool:

[root@desk mythcat]# dnf install swig.x86_64
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:43 ago on Thu 26 Dec 2019 10:40:53 PM EET.
Dependencies resolved.
====================================================================================
 Package         Architecture      Version                 Repository          Size
====================================================================================
Installing:
 swig            x86_64            4.0.1-3.fc31            updates            1.4 M

Transaction Summary
====================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 1.4 M
Installed size: 5.7 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
swig-4.0.1-3.fc31.x86_64.rpm                        1.7 MB/s | 1.4 MB     00:00    
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                               863 kB/s | 1.4 MB     00:01     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                            1/1 
  Installing       : swig-4.0.1-3.fc31.x86_64                                   1/1 
  Running scriptlet: swig-4.0.1-3.fc31.x86_64                                   1/1 
  Verifying        : swig-4.0.1-3.fc31.x86_64                                   1/1 

Installed:
  swig-4.0.1-3.fc31.x86_64                                                          

Complete!

I used the last version of the Box2D python package:

[mythcat@desk ~]$ git clone https://github.com/pybox2d/pybox2d
Cloning into 'pybox2d'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 2922, done.
remote: Total 2922 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 2922
Receiving objects: 100% (2922/2922), 9.12 MiB | 4.04 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1832/1832), done.
[mythcat@desk ~]$ cd pybox2d/
[mythcat@desk pybox2d]$ python setup.py clean
Using setuptools (version 41.2.0).
running clean
[mythcat@desk pybox2d]$ python setup.py build
Using setuptools (version 41.2.0).
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/Box2D
...
[mythcat@desk pybox2d]$ python setup.py install --user
Using setuptools (version 41.2.0).
running install
running bdist_egg
running egg_info
...
Processing dependencies for Box2D==2.3.2
Finished processing dependencies for Box2D==2.3.2

Let's try these two examples from the official webpage:

[mythcat@desk ~]$ python3 simple_01.py
pygame 1.9.6
Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html
Done!
[mythcat@desk ~]$ python3 simple_02.py
pygame 1.9.6
Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html
Done!

These screenshots results for the first script:

... and for the second one:

PyGame : Install and test pygame on Fedora 31 distro.

The install of the python package named pygame on Fedora Linux distro is very simple with the pip3 tool for python 3 version.

[mythcat@desk ~]$ pip3 install pygame --user
Collecting pygame
...
Installing collected packages: pygame
Successfully installed pygame-1.9.6

After install you can check this python package with this source code:

[mythcat@desk ~]$ python3 
Python 3.7.5 (default, Dec 15 2019, 17:54:26) 
[GCC 9.2.1 20190827 (Red Hat 9.2.1-1)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pygame
pygame 1.9.6
Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html
>>> from pygame import *
>>> print(pygame.__version__)
1.9.6
>>> dir(pygame)
['ACTIVEEVENT', 'ANYFORMAT', 'ASYNCBLIT', 'AUDIODEVICEADDED', 'AUDIODEVICEREMOVED', 
'AUDIO_ALLOW_ANY_CHANGE', 'AUDIO_ALLOW_CHANNELS_CHANGE', 'AUDIO_ALLOW_FORMAT_CHANGE',
 'AUDIO_ALLOW_FREQUENCY_CHANGE', 'AUDIO_S16', 'AUDIO_S16LSB', 'AUDIO_S16MSB', 'AUDIO_S16SYS',
 'AUDIO_S8', 'AUDIO_U16', 'AUDIO_U16LSB', 'AUDIO_U16MSB', 'AUDIO_U16SYS', 'AUDIO_U8', 
'BIG_ENDIAN', 'BLEND_ADD', 'BLEND_MAX', 'BLEND_MIN', 'BLEND_MULT', 'BLEND_PREMULTIPLIED', 'BLEND_RGBA_ADD',
 'BLEND_RGBA_MAX', 'BLEND_RGBA_MIN', 'BLEND_RGBA_MULT', 'BLEND_RGBA_SUB', 'BLEND_RGB_ADD', 'BLEND_RGB_MAX',
 'BLEND_RGB_MIN', 'BLEND_RGB_MULT', 'BLEND_RGB_SUB', 'BLEND_SUB', 'BUTTON_LEFT', 'BUTTON_MIDDLE', 'BUTTON_RIGHT',
 'BUTTON_WHEELDOWN', 'BUTTON_WHEELUP', 'BUTTON_X1', 'BUTTON_X2', 'BufferError', 'BufferProxy', 'Color',
 'DOUBLEBUF', 'DROPBEGIN', 'DROPCOMPLETE', 'DROPFILE', 'DROPTEXT', 'FINGERDOWN', 'FINGERMOTION', 'FINGERUP',
 'FULLSCREEN', 'GL_ACCELERATED_VISUAL', 'GL_ACCUM_ALPHA_SIZE', 'GL_ACCUM_BLUE_SIZE', 'GL_ACCUM_GREEN_SIZE',
 'GL_ACCUM_RED_SIZE', 'GL_ALPHA_SIZE', 'GL_BLUE_SIZE', 'GL_BUFFER_SIZE', 'GL_DEPTH_SIZE', 'GL_DOUBLEBUFFER',
 'GL_GREEN_SIZE', 'GL_MULTISAMPLEBUFFERS', 'GL_MULTISAMPLESAMPLES', 'GL_RED_SIZE', 'GL_STENCIL_SIZE', 'GL_STEREO',
 'GL_SWAP_CONTROL', 'HAT_CENTERED', 'HAT_DOWN', 'HAT_LEFT', 'HAT_LEFTDOWN', 'HAT_LEFTUP', 'HAT_RIGHT', 
'HAT_RIGHTDOWN', 'HAT_RIGHTUP', 'HAT_UP', 'HAVE_NEWBUF', 'HWACCEL', 'HWPALETTE', 'HWSURFACE', 'IYUV_OVERLAY',
 'JOYAXISMOTION', 'JOYBALLMOTION', 'JOYBUTTONDOWN', 'JOYBUTTONUP', 'JOYHATMOTION', 'KEYDOWN', 'KEYUP', 'KMOD_ALT',
 'KMOD_CAPS', 'KMOD_CTRL', 'KMOD_LALT', 'KMOD_LCTRL', 'KMOD_LMETA', 'KMOD_LSHIFT', 'KMOD_META', 'KMOD_MODE',
 'KMOD_NONE', 'KMOD_NUM', 'KMOD_RALT', 'KMOD_RCTRL', 'KMOD_RMETA', 'KMOD_RSHIFT', 'KMOD_SHIFT', 'K_0', 'K_1',
 'K_2', 'K_3', 'K_4', 'K_5', 'K_6', 'K_7', 'K_8', 'K_9', 'K_AMPERSAND', 'K_ASTERISK', 'K_AT', 'K_BACKQUOTE',
 'K_BACKSLASH', 'K_BACKSPACE', 'K_BREAK', 'K_CAPSLOCK', 'K_CARET', 'K_CLEAR', 'K_COLON', 'K_COMMA', 'K_DELETE',
 'K_DOLLAR', 'K_DOWN', 'K_END', 'K_EQUALS', 'K_ESCAPE', 'K_EURO', 'K_EXCLAIM', 'K_F1', 'K_F10', 'K_F11', 'K_F12',
 'K_F13', 'K_F14', 'K_F15', 'K_F2', 'K_F3', 'K_F4', 'K_F5', 'K_F6', 'K_F7', 'K_F8', 'K_F9', 'K_FIRST', 'K_GREATER',
 'K_HASH', 'K_HELP', 'K_HOME', 'K_INSERT', 'K_KP0', 'K_KP1', 'K_KP2', 'K_KP3', 'K_KP4', 'K_KP5', 'K_KP6', 'K_KP7',
 'K_KP8', 'K_KP9', 'K_KP_DIVIDE', 'K_KP_ENTER', 'K_KP_EQUALS', 'K_KP_MINUS', 'K_KP_MULTIPLY', 'K_KP_PERIOD',
 'K_KP_PLUS', 'K_LALT', 'K_LAST', 'K_LCTRL', 'K_LEFT', 'K_LEFTBRACKET', 'K_LEFTPAREN', 'K_LESS', 'K_LMETA', 
'K_LSHIFT', 'K_LSUPER', 'K_MENU', 'K_MINUS', 'K_MODE', 'K_NUMLOCK', 'K_PAGEDOWN', 'K_PAGEUP', 'K_PAUSE',
 'K_PERIOD', 'K_PLUS', 'K_POWER', 'K_PRINT', 'K_QUESTION', 'K_QUOTE', 'K_QUOTEDBL', 'K_RALT', 'K_RCTRL',
 'K_RETURN', 'K_RIGHT', 'K_RIGHTBRACKET', 'K_RIGHTPAREN', 'K_RMETA', 'K_RSHIFT', 'K_RSUPER', 'K_SCROLLOCK',
 'K_SEMICOLON', 'K_SLASH', 'K_SPACE', 'K_SYSREQ', 'K_TAB', 'K_UNDERSCORE', 'K_UNKNOWN', 'K_UP', 'K_a', 'K_b',
 'K_c', 'K_d', 'K_e', 'K_f', 'K_g', 'K_h', 'K_i', 'K_j', 'K_k', 'K_l', 'K_m', 'K_n', 'K_o', 'K_p', 'K_q',
 'K_r', 'K_s', 'K_t', 'K_u', 'K_v', 'K_w', 'K_x', 'K_y', 'K_z', 'LIL_ENDIAN', 'MOUSEBUTTONDOWN', 'MOUSEBUTTONUP',
 'MOUSEMOTION', 'MOUSEWHEEL', 'MULTIGESTURE', 'Mask', 'NOEVENT', 'NOFRAME', 'NUMEVENTS', 'OPENGL', 'OPENGLBLIT',
 'Overlay', 'PREALLOC', 'PixelArray', 'PygameVersion', 'QUIT', 'RESIZABLE', 'RLEACCEL', 'RLEACCELOK', 'Rect',
 'SCRAP_BMP', 'SCRAP_CLIPBOARD', 'SCRAP_PBM', 'SCRAP_PPM', 'SCRAP_SELECTION', 'SCRAP_TEXT', 'SRCALPHA',
 'SRCCOLORKEY', 'SWSURFACE', 'SYSWMEVENT', 'Surface', 'SurfaceType', 'TEXTEDITING', 'TEXTINPUT',
 'TIMER_RESOLUTION', 'USEREVENT', 'USEREVENT_DROPFILE', 'UYVY_OVERLAY', 'VIDEOEXPOSE', 'VIDEORESIZE',
 'Vector2', 'Vector3', 'WINDOWEVENT', 'WINDOWEVENT_CLOSE', 'YUY2_OVERLAY', 'YV12_OVERLAY', 'YVYU_OVERLAY',
 '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__color_constructor','__color_reduce', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__',
 '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', '__rect_constructor', '__rect_reduce', '__spec__', '__version__',
'_numpysndarray', '_numpysurfarray', 'base', 'bufferproxy', 'cdrom', 'color', 'colordict', 'compat',
 'constants', 'cursors', 'display', 'draw', 'encode_file_path', 'encode_string', 'error', 'event', 'fastevent',
 'font', 'get_array_interface', 'get_error', 'get_init', 'get_sdl_byteorder', 'get_sdl_version', 'image',
 'init', 'joystick', 'key', 'mask', 'math', 'mixer', 'mixer_music', 'mouse', 'movie', 'overlay',
 'packager_imports','pixelarray', 'pixelcopy', 'quit', 'rect', 'register_quit', 'rev', 'rwobject',
 'scrap', 'segfault', 'set_error', 'sndarray', 'sprite', 'surface', 'surfarray', 'sysfont', 'threads',
 'time', 'transform', 'ver', 'vernum', 'version', 'warn_unwanted_files']

This shows us all the features of the pygame package.

PyGame : First interface - part 11.

This is python module named pygameMenu can help us to develop another step into the interface issue. This python module is simple, lightweight and easy to use and the last release from a day ago comes with the version is 2.0.1. The install step is easy with the pip tool:

pip install pygame-menu==2.0.1
Collecting pygame-menu==2.0.1
...
      Successfully uninstalled pygame-menu-1.96.1
Successfully installed pygame-menu-2.0.1 pyperclip-1.7.0

This python module are supported by currently python 2.7+ and 3.4+ (3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7). You need to have the pygame python module install it on your operating system. If not you will get this error then reinstall the pygame with pip3 tool:

...
    from pygame.base import *
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pygame.base'

You cam find more here. Let's see one simple example:

import sys
import pygame
import pygameMenu
from random import randint
from random import randrange
from pygame.locals import *
from pygameMenu.locals import*
#  create the menu 
class GameMenu():
    # this will used on click's 
    def test(self):
        print('test')
    # this will create the menu with some features
    def my_menu_game(self):
        self.my_menu_game = pygameMenu.Menu(get_display,
                                   font=pygameMenu.font.FONT_BEBAS,
                                   dopause=False,
                                   menu_color=(0, 10, 176),  # Background color
                                   menu_color_title=(0, 76, 76),
                                   menu_height= 240,
                                   menu_width=320,
                                   onclose=pygameMenu.events.DISABLE_CLOSE,
                                   option_shadow=True,
                                   option_shadow_position=pygameMenu.locals.POSITION_SOUTHEAST,

                                   title='Help',
                                   window_height=480,
                                   window_width=640
                                        )
        # add some items on menu 
        self.my_menu_game.add_option('Test!', self.test)
        self.my_menu_game.add_selector('Select', [('eazy', 'EASY'),
                                                     ('medium', 'MEDIUM'),
                                                     ('hard', 'HARD')],
                                onreturn = False,
                                onchange = self.test)
        self.my_menu_game.add_option('Exit', self.test)



        # Loop the game and get menu events
        while True:
            # clock count
            clock.tick(60)
            # events for menu 
            events = pygame.event.get()
            for event in events:
                if event.type == QUIT:
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()

            # create menu
            self.my_menu_game.mainloop(events)

            # the flip display function 
            pygame.display.flip()


# init the pygame 
pygame.init()

# default pygame init
get_display=pygame.display.set_mode((640,480))
pygame.display.set_caption("My Menu")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

# create the menu
game_menu = GameMenu()
game_menu.my_menu_game() 

The result of this source code can be see into the next screenshot:

PyGame : Using the fullscreen with PyGame.

In this tutorial, I will show you how to use the fullscreen feature with pygame python module.
The scrip I used uses two keys: F12 for fullscreen and ESC for quit to windows.
The script starts with the default initialization of the PyGame python module.
The open the window in fullscreen with a resolution of 1024x768.
Using the while True condition you can change it into window mode with a resolution of 640x480 by pressing the F12 key.
In this loop is set the key ESC to quit the application.

import pygame,sys
pygame.init()
#set the fullscreen - my display is 1024 by 576
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((1024, 576),pygame.FULLSCREEN,32) 
pygame.display.set_caption("Example fullscreen")
cursor_x,cursor_y = 0,0
cmddown = False
fullscreen = True
while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            #Toggle Fullscreen (press escape to exit/enter fullscreen)
            if event.key == pygame.K_F12:
                if fullscreen == True:
                    #exits fullscreen
                    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480)) 
                    pygame.display.set_caption("Example window 640x480")
                    fullscreen = False
                else:
                    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((1024, 576),pygame.FULLSCREEN,32)
                    pygame.display.set_caption("Example fullscreen 1024x768")
                    fullscreen = True
            if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
                if cmddown == True:
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
            cmddown = False
    screen.fill((0,0,0))
    pygame.display.flip()